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Trinitarian Universalism is a variant of belief in universal salvation, the belief that every person will be saved, that also held the Christian belief in Trinitarianism (as opposed to, or contrasted with, liberal Unitarianism which is more usually associated with Unitarian Universalism). It was particularly associated with an ex-Methodist New England minister, John Murray, and after his death in 1815 the only clergy known to be preaching Trinitarian Universalism were Paul Dean of Boston and Edward Mitchell in New York.〔The Universalist quarterly and general review: Volume 5 – Page 393 1848 "At that time, it was supposed that the only Trinitarians, in our ministry, were Mr. Dean of Boston, and Mr. Mitchell of New York ; the latter of whom, though a highly respected preacher of Universalism, was never in formal fellowship as his attachments to Mr. Murray's peculiarities were so strong as to prevent him uniting with the denomination."〕〔Russell E. Miller ''The larger hope: the first century of the Universalist Church in America, 1770–1870 Unitarian Universalist Association, 1979〕〔Jabez Thomas Sunderland, Brooke Herford, Frederick B. Mott ''The Unitarian: a monthly magazine of liberal Christianity: Volume 6'' 1891 "Trinitarian Universalism has been displaced by Unitarian Universalism. Belief in vicarious atonement has given way to the moral-influence idea of Christ's work. Calvinistic and Arminian Universalism have given way to that eclecticism."〕 ==History== (詳細はGeorge Huntston Williams, ''American Universalism''. ''Universal Salvation?: The Current Debate''. editors: Robin A. Parry & Christopher H. Partridge. 2003. ISBN 0-8028-2764-0. 'Universalism in the History of Christianity'. by Morwena Ludlow. Chapt. 10〕 back to the teachings of Origen of Alexandria (c.185–284), an influential early Church Father and writer. Origen believed in apocatastasis, the ultimate restoration and reconciliation of creation with God, which was interpreted by Universalists historians to mean the salvation and reconciliation with God of all souls which had ever existed, including Satan and his demons. However more recent research has shown that this analysis of Origen's views is uncertain.〔McGuckin, John Anthony ''The Westminster Handbook to Origen'' Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22472-1〕 Origen also believed in the pre-existence of souls and that glorified Man may have to go through cycles of sin and redemption before reaching perfection. The teachings of Origen were declared anathema at the Ecumenical Council of 553, centuries after his death, though Gregory of Nyssa, another figure to whom Universalist historians attributed Universalist belief, was commended as an Orthodox defender of the faith by the same Council. Universalist historians have also identified Johannes Scotus Eriugena (815–877), and Amalric of Bena (c. 1200). as Universalists. Much of this research was incorporated by French priest Pierre Batiffol into an article on Apocatastasis later translated for the 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia.〔(CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Apocatastasis )〕 During the Protestant Reformation, all doctrines and practices of the Catholic (Universal) Church were re-examined and numerous sects formed, although none revived the belief (originally attributed to Origen) in universal reconciliation. In 1525, Hans Denck (1425–1527) was accused of being a Universalist,〔Reformers in the wings: from Geiler von Kaysersberg to Theodore Beza By David Curtis Steinmetz p151〕 but this is now considered unlikely.〔() Ludlow, Morwella "Why Was Hans Denck Thought To Be a Universalist?" The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 2004〕 Jane Leade (1623–1704), a mystic who claimed to have seen heaven and hell, started a Universalist congregation, the Philadelphians, which dissipated after her death. She was a Behmenist rather than orthodox Trinitarian. John Murray (1741–1815) was forced to leave the Methodist Church because of his Universalism. In 1770, he came to New England and is credited with being the Father of Universalism in North America. Although Murray was a Trinitarian (as was his mentor, James Relly), his successor, Hosea Ballou (1771–1852) was a strong Unitarian who opposed Trinitarianism, Calvinism, and legalism. During his tenure, Universalism became linked with liberal theology as well as Unitarianism.〔http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/hoseaballou.html Biography of Hosea Ballou from UUA, retrieved Dec. 23, 2006〕 Modern Trinitarian Universalists include Robin Parry〔(Robin Parry's Blog )〕 an evangelical writer, who under the pseudonym of "Gregory MacDonald" released a book ''The Evangelical Universalist'', (2006)〔MacDonald, Gregory (a pseudonym). ''The Evangelical Universalist.'' 2006. ISBN 1-59752-365-8〕 and Thomas Talbott author of ''The Inescapable Love of God'' (1999).〔Parkland, Fla: Universal Publishers. ISBN 1-58112-831-2. http://books.google.com/?id=mJ4dsmuY81IC&dq=%22Thomas+Talbott%22+date:1950-2008+RELIGION.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trinitarian Universalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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